Theoretical calculation model of natural ventilation for underground space driven by wind and buoyancy and its application

This paper constructs a theoretical prediction model for the ventilation flow of a natural ventilation system, which includes three key areas: the wind tower, the underground space, and the solar chimney. The model clarifies the relationship between outdoor environmental parameters (wind speed, solar irradiance, etc.), building structural parameters, and the induced airflow rate of the system. The critical Froude number is derived from the model analysis, which can be used to determine the ventilation mode of the system (buoyancy-dominated, combined buoyancy and wind pressure, or wind pressure-dominated). The theoretical model is used to evaluate the ventilation performance of the natural ventilation system in an underground space with a wind tower and a solar chimney. This model provides a rapid evaluation method for the natural ventilation design of underground buildings.